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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cancersp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Южно-Российский онкологический журнал/ South Russian Journal of Cancer</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South Russian Journal of Cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9039</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АНО "Перспективы онкологии"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37748/2686-9039-2021-2-4-4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cancersp-122</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пути моделирования опухолевого роста у мышей в экспериментальных исследованиях рака желудка человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methods for modeling tumor growth in mice in experimental studies of human gastric cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9337-5535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киблицкая</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiblitskaya</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киблицкая Александра Андреевна – научный сотрудник</p><p>SPIN: 2437-4102</p><p>AuthorID: 610872</p><p>344037, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, д. 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra A. Kiblitskaya – research fellow</p><p>SPIN: 2437-4102</p><p>AuthorID: 610872</p><p>63 14 line str., Rostov-on-Don 344037</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kibaleand@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5071-2028</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карасев</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karasev</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карасев Тимофей Сергеевич – ординатор</p><p>344037, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, д. 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timofei S. Karasev – resident</p><p>63 14 line str., Rostov-on-Don 344037</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0676-0871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончарова Анна Сергеевна – к.б.н., заведующая испытательным лабораторным центром</p><p>SPIN: 7512-2039</p><p>AuthorID: 553424</p><p>344037, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, д. 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Goncharova – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), head of the testing laboratory center</p><p>SPIN: 7512-2039</p><p>AuthorID: 553424</p><p>63 14 line str., Rostov-on-Don 344037</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-837X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимов Алексей Юрьевич – д.м.н., профессор, заместитель генерального директора по перспективным научным разработкам</p><p>SPIN: 7322-5589</p><p>AuthorID: 710705</p><p>344037, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, д. 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei Yu. Maksimov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Deputy General Director for Advanced Scientific Research</p><p>SPIN: 7322-5589</p><p>AuthorID: 710705</p><p>63 14 line str., Rostov-on-Don 344037</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Киблицкая А.А., Карасев Т.С., Гончарова А.С., Максимов А.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Киблицкая А.А., Карасев Т.С., Гончарова А.С., Максимов А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kiblitskaya A.A., Karasev T.S., Goncharova A.S., Maksimov A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/122">https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/122</self-uri><abstract><p>Рак желудка (РЖ) – группа злокачественных опухолей, происходящих из клеток слизистой оболочки желудка. Самый высокий уровень заболеваемости РЖ регистрируется в Японии, Китае и России, низкий – в США и Новой Зеландии. Обширные молекулярно-генетические исследования рака желудка выявили его гетерогенность, что связано с геномной нестабильностью опухоли и сложностью её фенотипа за счет одновременных изменений в нескольких онкогенах и супрессорах. Это явилось основанием для создания классификации по молекулярным подтипам. Создание реалистичной доклинической модели имеет важное значение для трансляционных исследований рака желудка. Раковые клеточные линии и полученные из них ксенотрансплантаты – одни из самых распространенных доклинических моделей. Но, несмотря на легкость генерации, они имеют и ограничения, поскольку эти модели не могут в достаточной степени воспроизводить уникальные особенности каждого больного раком. Ксенотрансплантаты, полученные от пациентов (Patient-derived xenograft; PDX), в настоящее время являются лучшей моделью для проверки мишеней и предикторов ответа на терапию. PDX-модели создаются путем трансплантации хирургически резецированных опухолей человека иммунодефицитным мышам. Эти модели поддерживают морфологическое сходство и повторяют молекулярные характеристики исходных опухолей, таким образом, являясь незаменимым инструментом для оценки противоопухолевого лекарственного ответа. Статистические данные, полученные в ходе доклинических исследований с использованием PDX-моделей, помогают значительно сэкономить время и ресурсы, необходимые для клинических испытаний.  Также с целью изучения специфических генетических путей онкогенеза и разработки экспериментальной терапии рака желудка в научных лабораториях широко применяют трансгенные и нокаутные мышиные модели. В данном обзоре обсуждаются молекулярные классификации РЖ и экспериментальные модели мышей, которые воспроизводят рак in situ, и являются универсальной платформой для доклинических исследований в экспериментальной онкологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Gastric cancer (GC) is a group of malignant tumors originating from the gastric mucosa cells. The highest incidence of GC is recorded in Japan, China and Russia, and the lowest one in the USA and New Zealand. Extensive molecular genetic research of GC has revealed its heterogeneity associated with the genomic instability of the tumor and the complexity of its phenotype due to simultaneous changes in several oncogenes and suppressors. This was the basis for the creation of the GC classification by molecular subtypes. The creation of a realistic preclinical model is essential for translational GC studies. Cancer cell lines and xenografts derived from them are among the most common preclinical models. They are easy to generate, but they also have limitations, since these models cannot sufficiently reproduce the unique characteristics of each cancer patient. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are currently the best model for testing targets and predictors of response to therapy. PDX models are created by transplanting surgically resected human tumors into immunodeficient mice. These models maintain morphological similarity and replicate the molecular characteristics of parental tumors providing an indispensable tool for assessing anticancer drug response. Statistical data from preclinical studies with PDX models can significantly save the time and resources required for clinical trials. Transgenic and knockout mouse models are also widely used in scientific laboratories in order to study specific genetic pathways of oncogenesis and develop experimental therapy for GC. This review discusses the molecular classifications of GC and experimental murine models that reproduce cancer in situ and are a universal platform for preclinical research in experimental oncology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>молекулярные подтипы</kwd><kwd>PDX-модель</kwd><kwd>ортотопический ксенотрансплантат</kwd><kwd>генно-модифицированные модели</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>molecular subtypes</kwd><kwd>PDX model</kwd><kwd>orthotopic xenograft</kwd><kwd>genetically modified models</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. 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