<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cancersp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Южно-Российский онкологический журнал/ South Russian Journal of Cancer</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South Russian Journal of Cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9039</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АНО "Перспективы онкологии"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37748/2686-9039-2022-3-1-6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cancersp-129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лейомиосаркома кожи волосистой части кожи головы и кожи голени. Описание наблюдений и обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Leiomyosarcoma of the scalp and lower leg skin. Clinical cases and literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-8837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Непомнящая</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nepomnyashchaya</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Непомнящая Евгения Марковна – д.м.н., профессор, врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения</p><p>SPIN: 8930-9580, AuthorID: 519969</p><p>344037, Российская Федерация, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, д. 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya M. Nepomnyashaya – Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, pathologist at the pathology Department</p><p>SPIN: 8930-9580, AuthorID: 519969</p><p>63 14 line str., Rostov-on-Don 344037, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nas_mich82@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ульянова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulianova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ульянова Юлия Викторовна – к.м.н., врач-хирург отделения опухолей головы и шеи</p><p>SPIN: 1276-9063, AuthorID: 457370</p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya V. Ulianova – Cand. Sci. (Med.), surgeon, Department of Head and Neck Tumors</p><p>SPIN: 1276-9063, AuthorID: 457370</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-2358</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Енгибарян</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Engibaryan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Енгибарян Марина Александровна – д.м.н., заведующая отделением опухолей головы и шеи</p><p>SPIN: 1764-0276, AuthorID: 318503, Scopus Author ID: 57046075800</p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Engibaryan – Dr. Sci. (Med.), head of the Department of Head and Neck Tumors</p><p>SPIN: 1764-0276, AuthorID: 318503, Scopus Author ID: 57046075800</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6544-6113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаптева</surname><given-names>Т. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapteva</surname><given-names>T. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаптева Татьяна Олеговна – заведующая патологоанатомическим отделением</p><p>SPIN: 2771-3213, AuthorID: 849370</p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana O. Lapteva – head of the pathology department National Medical Research Centre for Oncology</p><p>SPIN: 2771-3213, AuthorID: 849370</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Марина Александровна – врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения</p><p>SPIN: 7647-1737, AuthorID: 1058870</p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Kuznetsova – pathologist of the pathology department</p><p>SPIN: 7647-1737, AuthorID: 1058870</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НМИЦ онкологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Centre for Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Непомнящая Е.М., Ульянова Ю.В., Енгибарян М.А., Лаптева Т.О., Кузнецова М.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Непомнящая Е.М., Ульянова Ю.В., Енгибарян М.А., Лаптева Т.О., Кузнецова М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nepomnyashchaya E.M., Ulianova Y.V., Engibaryan M.A., Lapteva T.O., Kuznetsova M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/129">https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/129</self-uri><abstract><p>Мягкотканые злокачественные опухоли и, в частности, лейомиосаркомы, локализующиеся в коже, встречаются редко. В кожных лейомиосаркомах выделяют поверхностные и глубокие формы. Для первичных подкожных лейомиосарком характерна узловая форма. Опухоль может распространяться на подлежащую мышечную фасцию. Иммунофенотип лейомиосарком определяется следующими антителами: ASMA, desmin, N-caldeston. Возможна экспрессия PanCK. В литературе существуют противоречивые суждения о клиническом течении и биологическом поведении кожных лейомиосарком. Вероятно, это обусловлено гетерогенностью опухоли и особенностями канцерогенеза, связанного с молекулярно-генетическими изменениями. Обнаружение этих опухолей при гистологическом исследовании операционного материала побудило к анализу литературы и собственного материала. Проведен анализ опухолей кожи за 5 лет (2016–2020 гг.). За этот период опухоли были диагностированы у 2522 пациентов. Основным гистотипом были плоскоклеточные и базальноклеточные раки. Лейомиосарком кожи за этот период на нашем материале диагностировано не было. Приведены два наблюдения лейомиосаркомы кожи: волосистой части кожи головы и кожи голени. Описана морфологическая и иммуногистохимическая картина опухолей. Выполненное иммуногистохимическое исследование позволило подтвердить морфологический диагноз и установить иммунофенотип опухолей. При установлении морфологического диагноза в одном наблюдении возникли трудности, обусловленные редкостью данной патологии и неоднозначностью трактовки гистологических изменений. Анализ гистологических препаратов, проведение иммуногистохимического исследования позволили верифицировать опухоль как лейомиосаркому с характерным для нее иммунофенотипом. Все вышеизложенное свидетельствует о необходимости проведения морфологического и иммуногистохимического исследования в специализированных научных онкологических центрах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Malignant soft tissue tumors localized in the skin, particularly leiomyosarcoma, are rare. Cutaneous leiomyosarcomas could have superficial and deep forms, while subcutaneous leiomyosarcomas are usually nodular. The tumor can spread to the underlying muscle fascia. The immunophenotype of leiomyosarcoma is determined by the following antibodies: ASMA, desmin, and N-caldeston; expression of PanCK is also possible. Researchers do not have any common opinion on the clinical course and biological behavior of cutaneous leiomyosarcomas. This is probably due to the tumor heterogeneity and the carcinogenesis specificity associated with molecular genetic changes. We detected these tumors at the histological examination which resulted in an analysis of the literature and our own material. We analyzed cutaneous tumors diagnosed in 2522 patients during 5 years (2016–2020). Squamous cell and basal cell histotypes were the most common ones. We did not diagnosed cutaneous leiomyosarcoma in our material during this period. This article presents two cases of cutaneous leiomyosarcoma localized in the scalp and calf skin. Morphological and immunohistochemical profiles of the tumors are described. The immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the morphological diagnosis and established the tumor immunophenotypes. The morphological diagnosis in one case was complicated due to the rarity of this pathology and the ambiguity of the interpretation of histological changes. Analysis of histological preparations and immunohistochemical study allowed verification of the tumor as leiomyosarcoma with its characteristic immunophenotype. All of the above demonstrate the need to perform morphological and immunohistochemical tests in specialized research cancer centers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>саркома</kwd><kwd>кожа головы</kwd><kwd>мягкие ткани</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимическое исследование</kwd><kwd>клинические данные</kwd><kwd>обзор литературы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sarcoma</kwd><kwd>scalp skin</kwd><kwd>soft tissues</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemical study</kwd><kwd>clinical data</kwd><kwd>literature review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NCCN Guidelines for Patients: Soft Tissue Sarcoma, 2020. Доступно по: https://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/content/PDF/sarcoma-patient.pdf. Дата обращения: 03.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NCCN Guidelines for Patients: Soft Tissue Sarcoma, 2020. Available at: https://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/content/PDF/sarcoma-patient.pdf. Accessed: 03.06.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah J, Patel S, Singh B, Wong R. Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology. 5th ed. New York: Elsevier, 2020, 896 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah J, Patel S, Singh B, Wong R. Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology. 5th ed. New York: Elsevier, 2020, 896 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soft tissue sarcomas: a guide for patients. Information based on ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2016. Доступно по: https://www.esmo.org/content/download/75509/1380040/file/esmo-acf-soft-tissue-sarcomas-guide-for-patients.pdf. Дата обращения: 03.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soft tissue sarcomas: a guide for patients. Information based on ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2016. Available at: https://www.esmo.org/content/download/75509/1380040/file/esmo-acf-soft-tissue-sarcomas-guide-for-patients.pdf. Accessed: 03.06.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кроусон А. Н., Марго С., Мим М. С. Интерпретация биопсий кожи. Первичные нелимфоидные опухоли кожи. Пер. с англ. под ред. О. Р. Катуниной. М.: Практическая медицина, 2019, 520 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crowson AN, Margot S, Mim MS. Interpretation of skin biopsies. Primary lymphoid tumors of the skin. Trans. from English. edited by O.R. Katunin. Moscow: Practical Medicine, 2019, 520 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma (atypical smooth muscle tumors). In: Elder DE, Massi D, Scolyer RA, Willemze R, eds. WHO Classification of Skin Tumours. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC; 2018;11:330–331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma (atypical smooth muscle tumors). In: Elder DE, Massi D, Scolyer RA, Willemze R, eds. WHO Classification of Skin Tumours. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC; 2018;11:330–331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сатбаева Э. Б., Мухаметгалиев Н. А., Искакова Э. Е. Кожная лейомиосаркома / атипичная гладокмышечная опухоль. Онкология и радиология Казахстана. 2020;(2(56)):22–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Satbaeva EB, Mukhametgaliev NA, Iskakova EE. Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma / atypical smooth muscle sarcoma. Oncology and Radiology of Kazakhstan. 2020;(2(56)):22–25. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leiomyosarcoma. The WHO classification of Tumors. Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors. 5th Edition. 2020;3:195–197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leiomyosarcoma. The WHO classification of Tumors. Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors. 5th Edition. 2020;3:195–197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang W-L, Bones-Valentin RA, Prieto VG, Pollock RE, Lev DC, Lazar AJ. Sarcoma metastases to the skin: a clinicopathologic study of 65 patients. Cancer. 2012 Jun 1;118(11):2900–2904. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.26590</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang W-L, Bones-Valentin RA, Prieto VG, Pollock RE, Lev DC, Lazar AJ. Sarcoma metastases to the skin: a clinicopathologic study of 65 patients. Cancer. 2012 Jun 1;118(11):2900–2904. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.26590</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kraft S, Fletcher CDM. Atypical intradermal smooth muscle neoplasms: clinicopathologic analysis of 84 cases and a reappraisal of cutaneous “leiomyosarcoma”. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011 Apr;35(4):599–607. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e31820e6093</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kraft S, Fletcher CDM. Atypical intradermal smooth muscle neoplasms: clinicopathologic analysis of 84 cases and a reappraisal of cutaneous “leiomyosarcoma”. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011 Apr;35(4):599–607. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e31820e6093</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кит О. И., Шапошников А. В. Общий канцерогенез теории-модели (пособие для врачей) монография. Ростов-наДону: ООО «ИД Меркурий», 2021, 128 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kit OI, Shaposhnikov AV. General carcinogenesis of theory-model (manual for doctors) monograph. Rostov-on-Don: LLC "ID Mercury", 2021, 128 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smit DL, Mensenkamp AR, Badeloe S, Breuning MH, Simon MEH, van Spaendonck KY, et al. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer in families referred for fumarate hydratase germline mutation analysis. Clin Genet. 2011 Jan;79(1):49–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01486.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smit DL, Mensenkamp AR, Badeloe S, Breuning MH, Simon MEH, van Spaendonck KY, et al. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer in families referred for fumarate hydratase germline mutation analysis. Clin Genet. 2011 Jan;79(1):49–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01486.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Massi D, Franchi A, Alos L, Cook M, Di Palma S, Enguita AB, et al. Primary cutaneous leiomyosarcoma: clinicopathological analysis of 36 cases. Histopathology. 2010 Jan;56(2):251–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03471.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Massi D, Franchi A, Alos L, Cook M, Di Palma S, Enguita AB, et al. Primary cutaneous leiomyosarcoma: clinicopathological analysis of 36 cases. Histopathology. 2010 Jan;56(2):251–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03471.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
