cancerspЮжно-Российский онкологический журнал/ South Russian Journal of CancerSouth Russian Journal of Cancer2686-9039АНО "Перспективы онкологии"10.37748/2686-9039-2022-3-3-7cancersp-176Research ArticleОбзорREVIEWСовременные аспекты в области анестезии мелких лабораторных животныхModern aspects in anesthesia of small laboratory animalshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9747-8515ГуроваС. В.GurovaS. V.

Гурова Софья Валерьевна – лаборант-исследователь испытательного лабораторного центраSPIN: 5413-6901AuthorID: 1147419

344037, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, д. 63

Sofya V. Gurova – laboratory research assistant at the testing laboratory centerSPIN: 5413-6901AuthorID: 1147419

344037, Rostov-on-Don, 14 line str., 63

gurova.sophie@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-9210МиндарьМ. В.MindarM. V.

Миндарь Мария Вадимовна – младший научный сотрудник испытательного лабораторного центраSPIN: 5148-0830AuthorID: 1032029Scopus Author ID: 57217235360

г. Ростов-на-Дону

Mariya V. Mindar – junior research fellow of the testing laboratory centerSPIN: 5148-0830AuthorID: 1032029Scopus Author ID: 57217235360

Rostov-on-Don

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3753-4463ХодаковаД. В.KhodakovaD. V.

Ходакова Дарья Владиславовна – младший научный сотрудник испытательного лабораторного центраSPIN: 8718-3983AuthorID: 1056414Scopus Author ID: 57221463056

г. Ростов-на-Дону

Darya  V.  Khodakova  –  junior  research  fellow  of  the  testing  laboratory centerSPIN: 8718-3983AuthorID: 1056414Scopus Author ID: 57221463056

Rostov-on-Don

НМИЦ онкологииРоссияNational Medical Research Centre for OncologyRussian Federation202231082022335564Copyright © Гурова С.В., Миндарь М.В., Ходакова Д.В., 20222022Гурова С.В., Миндарь М.В., Ходакова Д.В.Gurova S.V., Mindar M.V., Khodakova D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/176

Эксперименты с использованием лабораторных животных необходимы для лучшего понимания течения той или иной патологии, изучения механизмов ее развития и разработки новых терапевтических стратегий. Значительная часть экспериментальных исследований требует выполнения процедуры анестезии. В связи с этим выбор оптимального протокола по анестезии является важным пунктом исследований, так как недостаточная глубина наркоза и влияние нежелательных факторов на организм объекта могут привести к летальному исходу.Для нас представляло интерес выяснить, что поменялось в области анестезии лабораторных животных за последнее время, какие препараты актуальны на данный момент и в чем причина их популярности.Анестезия мышей является сложной задачей по нескольким причинам: размер животного, скорость метаболизма и высокий риск гипотермии и гипогликемии. Кроме того, анестетики действуют на физиологические параметры, что еще больше влияет на результаты экспериментов. На данный момент существует большой перечень препаратов, применяемых на лабораторных животных. Поскольку они подразделяются на группы в зависимости от путей введения, из ряда статей мы отобрали следующие препарата: инъекционные – «Медетомидин», «Дексмедетомидин», «Золетил-100», «Кетамин», «Ксила», «Пропофол» и ингаляционные – «Изофлуран», «Севофлуран». Изучили и описали преимущества и недостатки препаратов и их сочетаний.Согласно анализу литературных источников, инъекционная анестезия считается основным методом наркоза для экспериментальных животных и сравнительно хорошо переносится животными, так же не требует дополнительной громоздкой аппаратуры, дополнительной квалификации сотрудников, на ряд препаратов существуют антагонисты, имеет доступную стоимость.При длительных сложных манипуляциях/операциях в большинстве литературы использовали ингаляционный наркоз, так как он более управляем, агенты требуют минимального метаболизма, в ряде случаев не требует дополнительной седации.

Experiments with small laboratory animals are required for better understanding of a disease flow, for studying the mechanisms of it’s development and for the development of new therapeutic strategies. A significant part of experimental studies involve anesthesia. In this regard, the choice of the optimal anesthesia protocol is an important point of research, since an inadequate depth of anesthesia or the influence of undesirable factors can lead to death; the type, duration, and goals of the procedure should be also taken into account.We have aimed to find out what has changed in anesthesia of laboratory animals lately, which drugs are currently relevant and what is the reason for their popularity.Anesthesia of mice is challenging for several reasons: animal size, metabolic rate, and high risk of hypothermia and hypoglycemia. In addition, anesthetics affect physiological parameters and therefore even more affect the results of experiments. At the moment, there is a large list of drugs used in laboratory animals. Since they are divided into groups depending on the routes of administration, we selected the following drugs from a number of articles: injectable anesthetics (medetomidine, dexmedetomidine, zoletil‑100, ketamine, xyla, propofol) and inhalation anesthetics (isoflurane, sevoflurane). Advantages and disadvantages of the drugs and their combinations were studied and described.An analysis of the literature showed that injection anesthesia is considered the main method of anesthesia for experimental animals and is relatively well tolerated by animals; it also does not require additional bulky equipment and additional staff qualifications, there are antagonists for a number of drugs, and is also affordable.In the majority of studies inhalation anesthesia was used in long-term complex manipulations/operations, since it is more manageable, agents require minimal metabolism, and in some cases do not require additional sedation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.