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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cancersp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Южно-Российский онкологический журнал/ South Russian Journal of Cancer</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South Russian Journal of Cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9039</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АНО "Перспективы онкологии"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37748/2686-9039-2023-4-1-7</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">IZBFNT</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cancersp-202</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярные особенности злокачественных опухолей желудка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular features of malignant gastric tumors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-7363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Геворкян</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gevorkyan</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Геворкян Юрий Артушевич – д.м.н., профессор, заведующий отделением абдоминальной онкологии № 2, ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии» Минздрава России, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация.</p><p>ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-7363, SPIN: 8643-2348, AuthorID: 711165</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Yuriy A. Gevorkyan – Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, head of the department of abdominal oncology No. 2, National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-7363," ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-7363,</ext-link> SPIN: 8643-2348, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=711165" ext-link-type="uri">711165</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gevorkyan.000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3867-4532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дашков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dashkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Дашков Андрей Владимирович – к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отделения абдоминальной онкологии № 2, ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии» Минздрава России, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация.</p><p> ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3867-4532, SPIN: 4364-9459, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=308799" ext-link-type="uri">308799</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Andrey V. Dashkov – Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher of the department of abdominal oncology No. 2, National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3867-4532," ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3867-4532,</ext-link> SPIN: 4364-9459, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=308799" ext-link-type="uri">308799</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Dashkovandrei1968@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0118-4935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солдаткина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soldatkina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Солдаткина Наталья Васильевна – д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отделения общей онкологии, ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии» Минздрава России, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация.</p><p>ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0118-4935, SPIN: 8392-6679, AuthorID: 440046</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Natalya V. Soldatkina – Dr. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher of the department of general oncology, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0118-4935," ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0118-4935, </ext-link>SPIN: 8392-6679, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=440046" ext-link-type="uri">440046</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">snv-rnioi@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-6992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесников</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Колесников Владимир Евгеньевич – д.м.н., врач-хирург отделения абдоминальной онкологии № 2, ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии» Минздрава России, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация.</p><p>ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-6992, SPIN: 9915-0578, AuthorID: 705852</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Vladimir E. Kolesnikov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), MD, surgeon at the department of abdominal oncology No. 2, National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation. </p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-6992," ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-6992,</ext-link> SPIN: 9915-0578, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=705852" ext-link-type="uri">705852</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kolaksay@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6358-7361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимошкина</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshkina</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Тимошкина Наталья Николаевна – к.б.н., заведующая лабораторией молекулярной онкологии, ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии» Минздрава России, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация.</p><p>ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6358-7361, SPIN: 9483-4330, AuthorID: 633651</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Natalia N. Timoshkina – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), head of the laboratory of molecular oncology, National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6358-7361," ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6358-7361, </ext-link>SPIN: 9483-4330, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=633651" ext-link-type="uri">633651</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timoshkinann@rnioi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-3733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутилин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krutilin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Кутилин Денис Сергеевич – к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии, ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии» Минздрава России, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация.</p><p>ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-3733, SPIN: 8382-4460, AuthorID: 794680</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Denis S. Kutilin – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher at the laboratory of molecular oncology, National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-3733," ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-3733,</ext-link> SPIN: 8382-4460, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=794680" ext-link-type="uri">794680</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.denees@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-1026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондаренко</surname><given-names>О. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>О. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Бондаренко Елена Сергеевна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунофенотипирования опухолей, ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии» Минздрава России, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация.</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-1026," ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-1026,</ext-link> SPIN: 3117-4040, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=865798" ext-link-type="uri">865798</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57200132337" ext-link-type="uri">57200132337</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Elena S. Bondarenko – junior research fellow at the laboratory of tumor immunophenotyping, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-1026," ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-1026,</ext-link> SPIN: 3117-4040, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=865798" ext-link-type="uri">865798</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57200132337" ext-link-type="uri">57200132337</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bondarenkoo.olga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Centre for Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Геворкян Ю.А., Дашков А.В., Солдаткина Н.В., Колесников В.Е., Тимошкина Н.Н., Кутилин Д.С., Бондаренко О.К., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Геворкян Ю.А., Дашков А.В., Солдаткина Н.В., Колесников В.Е., Тимошкина Н.Н., Кутилин Д.С., Бондаренко О.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gevorkyan Y.A., Dashkov A.V., Soldatkina N.V., Kolesnikov V.E., Timoshkina N.N., Krutilin D.S., Bondarenko О.К.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/202">https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/202</self-uri><abstract><p>Рак желудка является одним из широко распространенных онкологических заболеваний и вносит существенный вклад в показатель глобальной смертности от злокачественных новообразований. Позднее появление клинических симптомов является основной причиной того, что заболевание часто диагностируется на запущенной стадии, а это ограничивает доступные терапевтические подходы. Несмотря на то, что были проведены обширные исследования для выявления механизмов и маркеров развития и прогрессирования заболевания, их результаты в настоящее время полностью не вошли в клиническую практику. Как следствие этого, достигнуто лишь незначительное улучшение долгосрочной выживаемости, и прогноз у пациентов остается неблагоприятным. Понимание молекулярногенетических особенностей злокачественных опухолей желудка может дать представление об их патогенезе, помочь в идентификации новых биомаркеров для прогнозирования и диагностики, а также выявить новые терапевтические мишени. В последние десятилетия достижения в области технологий высокопроизводительного секвенирования улучшили понимание молекулярно-генетических аспектов рака желудка. В этом обзоре рассмотрены изменения на молекулярном уровне, включающие информацию о генах-супрессорах опухолей, онкогенах, регуляторах клеточного цикла и апоптоза, молекулах клеточной адгезии, потери гетерозиготности, микросателлитной нестабильности и эпигенетических аберрациях (изменение уровня метилирования и модификации гистонов). Обзор также посвящен молекулярным аспектам патогенеза – изменениям в сигнальных путях, вовлеченных в развитие рака желудка; рассматривается классификация спорадического и наследственного рака желудка на молекулярно-генетическом уровне. Представленная в данном обзоре характеристика и классификация РЖ на генетическом и эпигенетическом уровне подтверждает, что это заболевание является гетерогенным. Эти данные можно использовать как для разработки, так и для тестирования потенциальных маркеров и новых таргетных терапевтических подходов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Gastric cancer is one of the most widespread cancers and makes a significant contribution to the global mortality rate from malignant neoplasms. The late onset of clinical symptoms is the main reason why the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and this limits the available therapeutic approaches. Despite the fact, that extensive studies have been carried out to identify the mechanisms and markers of the development and progression of the disease, their results are currently not fully included in clinical practice. As a consequence, only marginal improvement in long-term survival has been achieved and patient prognosis remains poor. Understanding the molecular genetic features of gastric malignant tumors can provide insight into their pathogenesis, help identify new biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis, and identify new therapeutic targets. In recent decades, advances in high throughput sequencing technologies have improved understanding of the molecular genetic aspects of gastric cancer. This review considers molecular level changes, including information on tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, cell cycle and apoptosis regulators, cell adhesion molecules, loss of heterozygosity, micro-satellite instability and epigenetic aberrations (change in methylation level and modification of histones). The review is also devoted to the molecular aspects of pathogenesis – changes in the signaling pathways involved in the gastric cancer development; the classification of sporadic and hereditary gastric cancer at the molecular genetic level is considered. The characteristics and classification of GC presented in this review at the genetic and epigenetic levels confirms that this disease is heterogeneous. These data can be used both to develop and test potential markers and new targeted therapeutic approaches.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>наследственность</kwd><kwd>спорадические формы</kwd><kwd>гены-супрессоры опухолей</kwd><kwd>онкогены</kwd><kwd>эпигенетика</kwd><kwd>микросателлитная нестабильность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>heredity</kwd><kwd>sporadic forms</kwd><kwd>tumor suppressor genes</kwd><kwd>oncogenes</kwd><kwd>epigenetics</kwd><kwd>microsatellite instability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кит О. И., Геворкян Ю. А., Франциянц Е. М., Дашков А. В., Солдаткина Н. В., Ильченко С. А. и др. 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