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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cancersp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Южно-Российский онкологический журнал/ South Russian Journal of Cancer</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South Russian Journal of Cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9039</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АНО "Перспективы онкологии"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37748/2686-9039-2024-5-1-6</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">WJWRXU</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cancersp-274</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунологические аспекты прогрессирования колоректального рака</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunologic aspects of colorectal cancer progression</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7990-8710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тишина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tishina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тишина Анна Викторовна – врач-онколог отделения онкогематологии, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7990-8710" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7990-8710</ext-link>, SPIN: 7686-3707, AuthorID: 965165, ResearcherID: H-2460-2018</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Tishina – MD, oncologist of the Department of Oncohematology, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7990-8710" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7990-8710</ext-link>, SPIN: 7686-3707, AuthorID: 965165, ResearcherID: H-2460-2018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tishina@sc-te.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-5044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимирова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirova</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимирова Любовь Юрьевна – д.м.н., профессор, заведующая отделением противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии, руководитель отдела лекарственного лечения опухолей, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-5044" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-5044</ext-link>, SPIN: 4857-6202, AuthorID: 289090, ResearcherID: U-8132-2019, Scopus Author ID: 7004401163</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liubov Yu. Vladimirova – Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, head of the Department of Antitumor Drug Therapy, head of the Department of Drug Treatment of Tumors, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-5044" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-5044</ext-link>, SPIN: 4857-6202, AuthorID: 289090, ResearcherID: U-8132-2019, Scopus Author ID: 7004401163</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lubovurievna@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-5261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сагакянц</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sagakyants</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сагакянц Александр Борисович – д.б.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией иммунофенотипирования опухолей, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-5261" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-5261</ext-link>, SPIN: 7272-1408, AuthorID: 426904, ResearcherID: M-8378-2019, Scopus Author ID: 24329773900</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr B. Sagakyants – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), associate professor, head of the laboratory of Tumor Immunophenotyping, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-5261" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-5261</ext-link>, SPIN: 7272-1408, AuthorID: 426904, ResearcherID: M-8378-2019, Scopus Author ID: 24329773900</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asagak@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3561-098X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дженкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhenkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дженкова Елена Алексеевна – д.б.н., профессор, ученый секретарь, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3561-098X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3561-098X</ext-link>, SPIN: 6206-6222, AuthorID: 697354, ResearcherID: K-9622-2014, Scopus Author ID: 6507889745</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Dzhenkova – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), professor, academic secretary, National Medical Research Centre, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3561-098X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3561-098X</ext-link>, SPIN: 6206-6222, AuthorID: 697354, ResearcherID: K-9622-2014, Scopus Author ID: 6507889745</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rnioi@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-9641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новикова Инна Арнольдовна – д.м.н., заместитель генерального директора по науке, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-9641" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-9641</ext-link>, SPIN: 4810-2424, AuthorID: 726229, ResearcherID: E-7710-2018, Scopus Author ID: 7005153343</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna A. Novikova – Dr. Sci. (Med.), deputy director for science, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-9641" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-9641</ext-link>, SPIN: 4810-2424, AuthorID: 726229, ResearcherID: E-7710-2018, Scopus Author ID: 7005153343</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rnioi@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-122X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Златник</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zlatnik</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Златник Елена Юрьевна – д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунофенотипирования опухолей, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-122X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-122X</ext-link>, SPIN: 4137-7410, AuthorID: 327457, ResearcherID: AAI-1311-2020, Scopus Author ID: 6603160432</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Yu. Zlatnik – Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, chief researcher of the Laboratory of Tumor Immunophenotyping, National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-122X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-122X</ext-link>, SPIN: 4137-7410, AuthorID: 327457, ResearcherID: AAI-1311-2020, Scopus Author ID: 6603160432</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rnioi@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Centre for Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тишина А.В., Владимирова Л.Ю., Сагакянц А.Б., Дженкова Е.А., Новикова И.А., Златник Е.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тишина А.В., Владимирова Л.Ю., Сагакянц А.Б., Дженкова Е.А., Новикова И.А., Златник Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tishina A.V., Vladimirova L.Y., Sagakyants A.B., Dzhenkova E.A., Novikova I.A., Zlatnik E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/274">https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/274</self-uri><abstract><p>Колоректальный рак в структурах заболеваемости и смертности среди обоих полов по-прежнему остается на лидирующих позициях. Большое количество исследований нацелено на получение новых биомаркеров, направленных как на раннюю диагностику, так и на улучшение эффективности лекарственной терапии. Колоректальная карцинома неоднородна по своим морфологическим, молекулярным и иммунологическим аспектам и представляет собой гетерогенное заболевание. Существующие молекулярно-генетические классификации и биомаркеры, способные прогнозировать эффективность терапии, неоптимальны. Новые прогностические маркеры позволили бы идентифицировать подгруппу пациентов с высоким риском рецидива опухоли, за которыми должен быть установлен усиленный контроль и диагностическое наблюдение, а также подбор высокоэффективных методов терапии колоректального рака. Установлено, что некоторые иммунные клетки в микроокружении опухоли способны стимулировать развитие прогрессирования заболевания. Цитокины и хемокины в микроокружении опухоли стимулируют развитие метастазов, а их уровни в сыворотке крови отражают текущую воспалительную реакцию в опухолевой ткани. Выявление и анализ иммунных маркеров, участвующих в процессах метастазирования и механизмах прогрессирования, остается важной задачей современной медицины. Целью работы явился анализ современных представлений о значении иммунологического микроокружения, в прогрессировании колоректального рака. Влияние молекулярной гетерогенности опухоли на развитие метастазов, а также на резистентность к проводимой противоопухолевой терапии. В обзоре отражены иммунологические характеристики колоректальной карциномы, в том числе в контексте молекулярнобиологических подтипов. Описывается участие клеток иммунной системы (лимфоцитов, макрофагов) и их продуктов (цитокинов, хемокинов) в прогрессировании колоректального рака, в том числе в процессах неоангиогенеза, а также взаимосвязи Т- и В-клеточного состава микроокружения опухоли на течение заболевания. Также в обзоре отображена иммуногеномная стратификация колоректальной карциномы, которая может быть применена для прогнозирования ответа на иммунотерапию колоректального рака.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Colorectal cancer remains in the leading positions in the structures of morbidity and mortality among both sexes. A large number of studies are aimed to reveal new biomarkers targeted at both early diagnosis and improving the effectiveness of drug therapy. Colorectal carcinoma (CC) is heterogeneous in its morphological, molecular and immunological aspects and is a heterogeneous disease. The existing molecular genetic classifications and biomarkers capable of predicting the effectiveness of therapy aren’t optimal enough. New prognostic markers would make it possible to identify a subgroup of patients with a high risk of tumor recurrence, for whom enhanced monitoring and diagnostic monitoring should be established, as well as the selection of highly effective methods in the treatment of colorectal cancer. It has been established that some immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are able to stimulate the development of disease progression. Cytokines and chemokines in the tumor microenvironment stimulate the development of metastases, and their serum levels reflect the current inflammatory response in the tumor tissue. The identification and analysis of immune markers involved in the processes of metastasis and the mechanisms of progression remains an important task of modern medicine. The purpose of the study was to analyze modern ideas about the importance of the immunological microenvironment in the progression of colorectal cancer. The effect of molecular heterogeneity of the tumor on the development of metastases, as well as on resistance to ongoing antitumor therapy. The review reflects the immunological characteristics of CC, including in the context of molecular biological subtypes. It describes the involvement of cells of the immune system (lymphocytes, macrophages) and their products (cytokines, chemokines) in the progression of colorectal cancer, including in the processes of neoangiogenesis, as well as the relationship of the T- and B-cell composition of the tumor microenvironment on the course of the disease. The review also shows the immunogenomic stratification of CC, which can be used to predict the response to immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические подтипы</kwd><kwd>опухоль-ассоциированные макрофаги</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>хемокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic subtypes</kwd><kwd>tumor-associated macrophages</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>chemokines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 Jan;71(1):7–33. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21654</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2021. 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