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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cancersp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Южно-Российский онкологический журнал/ South Russian Journal of Cancer</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South Russian Journal of Cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9039</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АНО "Перспективы онкологии"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37748/2686-9039-2025-6-3-1</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">pskoqy</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cancersp-333</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогностическая значимость компонентов AKT/mTOR сигнального пути, транскрипционных и ростовых факторов в развитии рецидивов меланомы кожи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prognostic significance of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway components, transcription factors, and growth factors in the development of skin melanoma recurrence</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8473-4182</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданова Вероника Александровна – лаборант-исследователь, ассистент кафедры биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики, ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Томск, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8473-4182" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8473-4182</ext-link>, SPIN: 8903-4911, AuthorID: 1250988</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronika A. Bogdanova – Laboratory researcher, Assistant at the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with a course in clinical laboratory diagnostics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian FederationORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8473-4182" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8473-4182</ext-link>, SPIN: 8903-4911, AuthorID: 1250988</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vnika6906@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-736X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Спирина Людмила Викторовна – д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биохимии опухолей, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии – филиал ФГБНУ «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», г. Томск, Российская Федерация; профессор кафедрой биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики, ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Томск, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-736X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-736X</ext-link>, SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="http://elibrary.ru/author_info.asp?isold=1" ext-link-type="uri">1336-8363</ext-link>, AuthorID: 441893, ResearcherID: A-7760-2012, Scopus Author ID: 36960462500</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liudmila V. Spirina – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Tumor Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Tomsk, Russian Federation; Head of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with a course in clinical laboratory diagnostics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-736X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-736X</ext-link>, SPIN: 1336-8363, AuthorID: 441893, ResearcherID: A-7760-2012, Scopus Author ID: 36960462500</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spirinalvl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-4778</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чижевская</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chizhevskaya</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чижевская Светлана Юрьевна – д.м.н., врач-онколог высшей категории, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения опухолей головы и шеи, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии – филиал ФГБНУ «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», г. Томск, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-4778" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-4778</ext-link>, SPIN: 9561-3382, AuthorID: 560288, ResearcherID: C-8960-2012, Scopus Author ID: 23033628800</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Yu. Chizhevskaya – MD, Dr. (Med) Sci., oncologist of the highest category, Leading Researcher at the Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Cancer Research Institute – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Tomsk, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-4778" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-4778</ext-link>, SPIN: 9561-3382, AuthorID: 560288, ResearcherID: C-8960-2012, Scopus Author ID: 23033628800</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sch@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2964-9041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалева Ирина Владимировна - к.м.н., ассистент кафедры биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики, ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Томск, Российская Федерация; ассистент кафедры клинической и лабораторной диагностики, ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им Н. Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2964-9041" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2964-9041</ext-link>, SPIN: 9737-7086, AuthorID: 1076520, ResearcherID: HLQ-0894-2023, <ext-link xlink:href="http://www.scopus.com/inward/authorDetails.url?authorID=57215197522&amp;partnerID=MN8TOARS" ext-link-type="uri">Scopus Author ID: 57215197522</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Kovaleva – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant at the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with a course in clinical laboratory diagnostics Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation; Assistant Professor of the Department of Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics, Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2964-9041" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2964-9041</ext-link>, SPIN: 9737-7086, AuthorID: 1076520, ResearcherID: HLQ-0894-2023, Scopus Author ID: 57215197522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Irina.kovalyova.kovaleva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7211-7686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никульников</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulnikov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никульников Константин Валерьевич – врач-онколог отделения опухолей головы и шеи, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии – филиал ФГБНУ «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», г. Томск, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7211-7686" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7211-7686</ext-link>, SPIN: 5258-7989, AuthorID: 1191435, ResearcherID: LXB-3679-2024</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin V. Nikulnikov – MD, oncologist at the Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Cancer Research Institute – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Tomsk, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7211-7686" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7211-7686</ext-link>, SPIN: 5258-7989, AuthorID: 1191435, ResearcherID: LXB-3679-2024</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kast10sha91@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-9389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулов</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulov</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Меркулов Евгений Дмитриевич – лаборант кафедры биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной медицины, ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Томск, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-9389" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-9389</ext-link>, SPIN: 8716-0505, AuthorID: 1274379, ResearcherID: GPK-8198-2022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny D. Merkulov – Laboratory assistant at the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with a course in clinical laboratory diagnostics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-9389" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-9389</ext-link>, SPIN: 8716-0505, AuthorID: 1274379, ResearcherID: GPK-8198-2022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evmerc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии – филиал ФГБНУ «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук»; ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cancer Research Institute – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences"; Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии – филиал ФГБНУ «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cancer Research Institute – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им Н. Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University; Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богданова В.А., Спирина Л.В., Чижевская С.Ю., Ковалева И.В., Никульников К.В., Меркулов Е.Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богданова В.А., Спирина Л.В., Чижевская С.Ю., Ковалева И.В., Никульников К.В., Меркулов Е.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogdanova V.A., Spirina L.V., Chizhevskaya S.Y., Kovaleva I.V., Nikulnikov K.V., Merkulov E.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/333">https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/333</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Исследование прогностической значимости компонентов сигнального пути AKT/mTOR, а также транскрипционных и ростовых факторов в развитии рецидивов меланомы кожи.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. В исследование были включены 48 пациентов с верифицированным диагнозом меланома кожи. Все пациенты имели отрицательный статус по мутации BRAFV600E.</p><p>Материал исследования – образцы опухолевой и неизмененной кожи, находящиеся на расстоянии не менее 1 см от границы опухолей, полученные при проведении оперативного лечения, которые после забора замораживались и хранились при температуре 80 . Экспрессия генов оценивалась методом ПЦР в реальном времени. Статус гена BRAF оценивали с помощью аллель-специфичной ПЦР. Статистическая обработка проводилась с помощью пакета программ Statistica 12.0</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Прогнозирование течения онкологических заболеваний является важной задачей в практической онкологии. Неблагоприятный исход меланом во многом обусловлен склонностью к возникновению рецидивов и метастазов как в ближайшем, так и в отдаленном периоде наблюдения. При анализе результатов исследования нами отмечена ассоциация компонентов AKT/mTOR сигнального пути с развитием рецидивов меланом кожи и прогрессированием заболевания. Выявлено, что уровень экспрессии AKT, c-RAF, GSK-3β и VEGFR2 связан с неблагоприятным исходом заболевания. Представлена модель логистической регрессии, которая с высокой точностью может дать прогноз риска развития рецидивов заболевания с учетом экспрессии протеинкиназы mTOR и размера опухоли (Т). Отсутствие значимых показателей, связанных с биологическими особенностями опухоли кожи, не позволяет повысить эффективность лечения таких больных. Поэтому внимание исследователей сосредоточено на поиске оптимальных моделей прогноза риска неблагоприятного исхода заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В ходе исследования были идентифицированы молекулярные маркеры, которые позволяют прогнозировать неблагоприятный исход заболевания. Разработана логистическая модель, основанная на экспрессии ключевой киназы mTOR и Т, которая позволяет оценить риск возникновения рецидивов заболевания и своевременно изменить тактику лечения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. Was to investigate the prognostic significance of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway components, transcription, and growth factors in the development of skin melanoma recurrence.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. The study included 48 patients with a verified diagnosis of skin melanoma. All patients had a negative status for the BRAFV600E mutation. The study material consisted of samples of tumor and unchanged skin located at a distance of at least 1 cm from the tumor border, obtained during surgical treatment, which were frozen and stored at a temperature of –80 °C after sampling. Gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR. The status of the BRAF gene was assessed using allele-specific PCR. Statistical processing was carried out using the Statistica 12.0 software package.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Predicting the course of cancer is an important task in practical oncology. The unfavorable outcome of melanomas is largely due to the tendency to relapses and metastasis in both the short and long-term follow-up period. While analyzing the study results, we noted the association of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway components with the development of skin melanoma recurrence and disease progression. It was revealed that the expression level of AKT, c-RAF, GSK‑3β and VEGFR2 is associated with an unfavorable outcome of the disease. A logistic regression model is presented that can accurately predict the risk of recurrence, taking into account the expression of protein kinase mTOR and the size of the tumor (T). The lack of significant indicators related to the biological features of the skin tumor does not allow to increase the effectiveness of treatment of such patients. Therefore, the attention of researchers is focused on finding optimal models for predicting the risk of an unfavorable outcome of the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Molecular markers were identified that make it possible to predict an unfavorable outcome of the disease during the study. A logistic model based on the expression of the key mTOR kinase and the size of the T has been developed, which makes it possible to assess the risk of disease recurrence and change treatment tactics in a timely manner.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>AKT</kwd><kwd>c-RAF</kwd><kwd>GSK-3β</kwd><kwd>VEGFR2</kwd><kwd>mTOR</kwd><kwd>меланома кожи</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>AKT</kwd><kwd>c-RAF</kwd><kwd>GSK-3β</kwd><kwd>VEGFR2</kwd><kwd>mTOR</kwd><kwd>skin melanoma</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arnold M, Singh D, Laversanne M, Vignat J, Vaccarella S, Meheus F, et al. Global Burden of Cutaneous Melanoma in 2020 and Projections to 2040. 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