cancerspЮжно-Российский онкологический журнал/ South Russian Journal of CancerSouth Russian Journal of Cancer2686-9039АНО "Перспективы онкологии"10.37748/2686-9039-2025-6-3-7oxfxgicancersp-350Research ArticleОбзорREVIEWЛимфатические узлы как точка приложения при использовании дендритноклеточных вакцин: современные стратегии усиления иммунного ответаLymph nodes as a target for the use of dendritic cell vaccines: modern approaches and prospectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890ФранциянцЕ. М.FrantsiyantsE. M.

Франциянц Елена Михайловна – д.б.н., профессор, заместитель генерального директора по научной работе, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890, SPIN: 9427-9928, AuthorID: 462868, ResearcherID: Y-1491-2018, Scopus Author ID: 55890047700

Elena M. Frantsiyants – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Deputy Director General for Scientific Work, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890, SPIN: 9427-9928, AuthorID: 462868, ResearcherID: Y-1491-2018, Scopus Author ID: 55890047700

super.gormon@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-8271БандовкинаВ. А.BandovkinaV. A.

Бандовкина Валерия Ахтямовна – д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-8271, SPIN: 8806-2641, AuthorID: 696989, ResearcherID: AAG-8708-2019, Scopus Author ID: 57194276288

Valeriya A. Bandovkina – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher at the Laboratory for the Study of Pathogenesis of Malignant Tumors, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-8271, SPIN: 8806-2641, AuthorID: 696989, ResearcherID: AAG-8708-2019, Scopus Author ID: 57194276288

valerryana@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-2164МоисеенкоТ. И.MoiseenkoT. I.

Моисеенко Татьяна Ивановна – д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела опухолей репродуктивной системы, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-7649, SPIN: 6341-0549, AuthorID: 705829

Tatiana I. Moiseenko – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, chief researcher, Section of Reproductive Tumors, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-7649, SPIN: 6341-0549, AuthorID: 705829

super.gormon@ya.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-9832ПетроваЮ. А.PetrovaYu. A.

Петрова Юлия Александровна – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-9832, SPIN: 2168-8737, AuthorID: 558241, ResearcherID: AAE-4168-2022, Scopus Author ID: 37026863400

Yuliya A. Petrova – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, Laboratory of Study of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-9832, SPIN: 2168-8737, AuthorID: 558241, ResearcherID: AAE-4168-2022, Scopus Author ID: 37026863400

flora-73@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-8500ГорошинскаяИ. А.GoroshinskayaI. A.

Горошинская Ирина Александровна – д.б.н., профессор, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-8500, SPIN: 9070-4855, Author ID: 79968, ResearcherID: Y-2277-2018, Scopus Author ID: 6602191458

Irina A. Goroshinskaya – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, senior researcher at Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis Study, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-8500, SPIN: 9070-4855, Author ID: 79968, ResearcherID: Y-2277-2018, Scopus Author ID: 6602191458

iagor17@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-8219ЖуковаГ. В.ZhukovaG. V.

Жукова Галина Витальевна – д.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-8219, SPIN: 1887-7415, Author ID: 564827, ResearchID: Y-4243-2016, Scopus Author ID: 7005456284

Galina V. Zhukova – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher at Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis Study, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-8219, SPIN: 1887-7415, Author ID: 564827, ResearchID: Y-4243-2016, Scopus Author ID: 7005456284

galya_57@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9749-2747ТрепитакиЛ. К.TrepitakiL. K.

Трепитаки Лидия Константиновна – к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9749-2747, SPIN: 2052-1248, AuthorID: 734359, ResearcherID: AAG-9218-2019, Scopus Author ID: 55357624700

Lidiya K. Trepitaki – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), researcher at the Laboratory for the Study of Pathogenesis of Malignant Tumors, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9749-2747, SPIN: 2052-1248, AuthorID: 734359, ResearcherID: AAG-9218-2019, Scopus Author ID: 55357624700

legolab69@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-7587СуриковаЕ. И.SurikovaE. I.

Сурикова Екатерина Игоревна – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей, ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-7587, SPIN: 2401-4115, AuthorID: 301537, ResearcherID: AAG-8748-2019, Scopus Author ID: 6507092816

Ekaterina I. Surikova – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher at the Laboratory for the Study of Pathogenesis of Malignant Tumors, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-7587, SPIN: 2401-4115, AuthorID: 301537, ResearcherID: AAG-8748-2019, Scopus Author ID: 6507092816

sunsur2000@mail.ruФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияNational Medical Research Centre for OncologyRussian Federation202509092025636376Copyright © Франциянц Е.М., Бандовкина В.А., Моисеенко Т.И., Петрова Ю.А., Горошинская И.А., Жукова Г.В., Трепитаки Л.К., Сурикова Е.И., 20252025Франциянц Е.М., Бандовкина В.А., Моисеенко Т.И., Петрова Ю.А., Горошинская И.А., Жукова Г.В., Трепитаки Л.К., Сурикова Е.И.Frantsiyants E.M., Bandovkina V.A., Moiseenko T.I., Petrova Y.A., Goroshinskaya I.A., Zhukova G.V., Trepitaki L.K., Surikova E.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/350

Статья представляет собой обзор современных подходов к иммунотерапии рака, акцентируя внимание на роли дендритных клеток (ДК), лимфатических узлов (ЛУ) и инновационных методов доставки вакцин. Иммунотерапия с применением вакцин на основе ДК представляет собой перспективное направление, способное стимулировать специфический иммунный ответ против опухолевых клеток и формировать долговременную иммунную память. Дренирующие опухоль лимфатические узлы (TDLN) играют ключевую роль в активации иммунного ответа, так как именно в них происходит презентация опухолевых антигенов дендритными клетками и активация Т-клеток. При раке, в отличие от вирусных инфекций, активация CD8+ Т-клеток происходит в два этапа, и эффективность процесса зависит от сигналов, поступающих из опухолевого микроокружения, что объясняет, почему иммунный ответ на рак часто бывает слабым.

В статье также обсуждаются современные стратегии доставки вакцин в лимфатические узлы, включая использование наночастиц, биоортогональных реакций и фототермически индуцированных материалов. Эти подходы позволяют преодолеть «парадокс гранулярности», связанный с необходимостью баланса между размером вакцин для их проникновения в ЛУ и захвата иммунными клетками.

Рассматриваются перспективы адаптивной клеточной терапии с использованием Т-клеток из TDLN, а также роль экзосом и цельноклеточных опухолевых антигенов в создании эффективных вакцин. Комбинированные подходы, такие как сочетание вакцин с ингибиторами контрольных точек (например, анти-PD1), демонстрируют потенциал для усиления противоопухолевого иммунитета.

Дальнейшее развитие иммунотерапии рака требует интеграции новых знаний о биологии дендритных клеток, современных методов клеточной инженерии и нанотехнологий для создания персонализированных и эффективных противоопухолевых вакцин.

This article provides an overview of current approaches to cancer immunotherapy, with an emphasis on the role of dendritic cells (DCs), lymph nodes (LNs), and innovative methods of vaccine delivery. Immunotherapy using DC-based vaccines represents a promising direction, capable of stimulating a specific immune response against tumor cells and forming long-term immune memory. Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) play a key role in immune activation, as they are the sites where dendritic cells present tumor antigens and activate T-cells. In cancer, unlike viral infections, CD8+ T-cell activation occurs in two stages, and the effectiveness of this process depends on signals from the tumor microenvironment, which explains why the immune response to cancer is often weak.

The article also discusses modern strategies for delivering vaccines to lymph nodes, including the use of nanoparticles, bioorthogonal reactions, and photothermally induced materials. These approaches help overcome the "granularity paradox", associated with the need to balance vaccine size for LN penetration and uptake by immune cells. The prospects of adoptive cell therapy using T-cells from TDLNs, as well as the role of exosomes and whole-cell tumor antigens in the development of effective vaccines, are also considered. Combination strategies, such as the use of vaccines together with checkpoint inhibitors (e. g., anti-PD1), demonstrate potential for enhancing antitumor immunity.

The further advancement of cancer immunotherapy requires the integration of new knowledge about the biology of dendritic cells, modern methods of cell engineering, and nanotechnology to create personalized and effective antitumor vaccines.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.