cancerspЮжно-Российский онкологический журнал/ South Russian Journal of CancerSouth Russian Journal of Cancer2686-9039АНО "Перспективы онкологии"10.37748/2686-9039-2026-7-1-6SBFEQOcancersp-364Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПоловые различия в онкологии: от молекулярных механизмов к персонализированной терапииSex differences in oncology: from molecular mechanisms to personalized therapyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890ФранциянцЕ. М.FrantsiyantsE. M.

 

Франциянц Елена Михайловна – д.б.н., профессор, заместитель генерального директора по науке ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890, eLibrary SPIN: 9427-9928, Author ID: 462868, Scopus Author ID: 55890047700, WoS ResearcherID: Y-1491-2018

 

Elena M. Frantsiyants – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Deputy General Director for Science, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890, eLibrary SPIN: 9427-9928, Author ID: 462868, Scopus Author ID: 55890047700, WoS ResearcherID: Y-1491-2018

super.gormon@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-8271БандовкинаВ. А.BandovkinaV. A.

 

Бандовкина Валерия Ахтямовна – д.б.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-8271, eLibrary SPIN: 8806-2641, AuthorID: 696989, Scopus Author ID: 57194276288

 

Valerija A. Bandovkina – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis Study, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-8271, eLibrary SPIN: 8806-2641, AuthorID: 696989, Scopus Author ID: 57194276288

valerryana@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7655ШихляроваА. И.ShikhlyarovaA. I.

 

Шихлярова Алла Ивановна – д.б.н., профессор, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7655, eLibrary SPIN: 6271-0717, AuthorID: 482103, Scopus AuthorID: 6507723229, WoS ResearcherID: Y-6275-2018

 

Alla I. Shikhlyarova – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis Study, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7655, eLibrary SPIN: 6271-0717, AuthorID: 482103, Scopus AuthorID: 6507723229, WoS ResearcherID: Y-6275-2018

shikhliarova.a@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-7587СуриковаЕ. И.SurikovaE. I.

 

Сурикова Екатерина Игоревна – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-7587, eLibrary SPIN: 2401-4115, AuthorID: 301537, Scopus Author ID: 6507092816, WoS ResearcherID: AAG-8748-2019

 

Ekaterina I. Surikova – Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher at Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis Study, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-7587, eLibrary SPIN: 2401-4115, AuthorID: 301537, Scopus Author ID: 6507092816, WoS ResearcherID: AAG-8748-2019

sunsur2000@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-3086НескубинаИ. В.NeskubinaI. V.

 

Нескубина Ирина Валерьевна – д.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-3086, eLibrary SPIN: 3581-8531, AuthorID: 794688, Scopus Author ID: 6507509066, WoS ResearcherID: AAG-8731-2019

 

Irina V. Neskubina – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher at Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis Study, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-3086, eLibrary SPIN: 3581-8531, AuthorID: 794688, Scopus Author ID: 6507509066, WoS ResearcherID: AAG-8731-2019

neskubina.irina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3711-8155ЧеряринаН. Д.CheryarinaN. D.

 

Черярина Наталья Дмитриевна – врач-лаборант лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3711-8155, eLibrary SPIN: 2189-3404, AuthorID: 558243, Scopus Author ID: 56204439400

 

Nataliya D. Cheryarina – laboratory assistant at Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis Study, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3711-8155, eLibrary SPIN: 2189-3404, AuthorID: 558243, Scopus Author ID: 56204439400

scalolas.92@yandex.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации <p> г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская ФедерацияNational Medical Research Centre for Oncology <p> Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation202613032026717794Copyright &#x00A9; Франциянц Е.М., Бандовкина В.А., Шихлярова А.И., Сурикова Е.И., Нескубина И.В., Черярина Н.Д., 20262026Франциянц Е.М., Бандовкина В.А., Шихлярова А.И., Сурикова Е.И., Нескубина И.В., Черярина Н.Д.Frantsiyants E.M., Bandovkina V.A., Shikhlyarova A.I., Surikova E.I., Neskubina I.V., Cheryarina N.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.cancersp.com/jour/article/view/364

Эпидемиологические исследования показывают существование половых различий в онкологической заболеваемости и смертности. Накоплен большой объем наблюдений, свидетельствующих о различиях в реакции на противоопухолевую химиотерапию в зависимости от пола – у женщин токсичность более выражена, чем у мужчин. При этом выживаемость женщин, т. е. эффективность химиотерапии у них также выше. Однако половые различия в онкологии остаются недооцененным фактором, связанным с биологией опухоли, эффективностью терапии и выживаемостью пациентов.

Цель исследования

Цель исследования. Систематизировать современные данные о влиянии пола на биологию злокачественных опухолей, эффективность и токсичность терапии, обосновать необходимость интеграции пола как ключевого фактора в исследования и клиническую практику для повышения персонализации терапии.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Был проведен систематический поиск публикаций в международных базах данных: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus и Elaibrary.ru за период 2010–2025 гг. Критериями отбора публикаций являлись их научная значимость, релевантность тематике исследования и соответствие современным стандартам доказательной медицины.

Результаты

Результаты. В опубликованных исследованиях продемонстрировано существование значимых половых различий в эпидемиологии злокачественных заболеваний, эффективности противоопухолевой терапии, влиянии коморбидных состояний. Проведенный анализ этих работ убедительно свидетельствует о том, что половые различия играют фундаментальную роль во всех аспектах онкологии – от молекулярных механизмов канцерогенеза до клинических исходов. Однако, несмотря на накопленные доказательства, половой фактор недостаточно учитывается в клинической практике.

Заключение

Заключение. Учет половых особенностей в онкологии позволит оптимизировать схемы лечения, улучшить выживаемость и снизить побочные эффекты терапии, усовершенствовать прогностические модели, что обеспечит истинно персонализированную терапию с учетом биологических особенностей мужчин и женщин.

Epidemiological studies demonstrate the existence of sex differences in cancer incidence and mortality. A substantial body of evidence indicates sex-related differences in responses to anticancer chemotherapy: women experience higher treatment-­related toxicity than men, while at the same time exhibiting better survival, i. e., greater therapeutic efficacy. However, sex differences in oncology remain an underappreciated factor related to tumor biology, treatment efficacy, and patient survival.

Purpose of the study

Purpose of the study. This review aims to systematically consolidate current evidence on the influence of sex on malignant tumor biology, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity, and to support the integration of sex as a fundamental variable in oncological research and clinical practice to advance personalized treatment approaches.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and eLibrary.ru databases for publications from 2010 to 2025. Studies were selected based on scientific relevance, topical relevance, and compliance with contemporary standards of evidence-­based medicine.

Results

Results. The analysis identified numerous studies demonstrating significant sex-based differences in cancer epidemiology, the efficacy of anticancer therapy, and the impact of comorbid conditions. The synthesized evidence indicates that sex differences play a fundamental biological role across all aspects of oncology, from molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis to clinical outcomes. However, despite the accumulated evidence, sex as a biological variable remains insufficiently considered in routine clinical practice.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Consideration of sexual characteristics in oncology would optimize treatment regimens, improve survival rates, reduce therapy side effects, and enhance prognostic models. This would ensure personalized therapy that considers the biological characteristics of men and women.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.