Purpose of the study. Determining maximum possible number of high-quality radionuclide studies by days of the generator operation.

Materials and methods. We studied the factors influencing the capacity of radionuclide diagnostic tests in osteoscintigraphy (OSG) by days of service life of a 99mTc generator GT-4K. The OSG capacity, the required resource of 99mTc and its efficiency in OSG were calculated. The optimal days for the generator delivery were determined.

The Pirfotech 99mTc radiopharmaceutical (RFP) prepared with the generator was used for OSG.

Scanning, data collection and processing of results were carried out on gamma-cameras of the systems Signature Series, Symbia T16 Siemens, and syngo M1 Applications VB10 Siemens.

Parameters of the radioactivity of 99mTc were processed by mathematical methods using the Excel program.

Results. We revealed specific factors influencing the OSG capacity: 1) three-hour accumulation of RFP after its administration to the patient; 2) generator activity by days of its operation; 3) the day of the week of the generator delivery. We calculated quantitative indicators of the maximum possible OSG capacity during the generator operation (maximum number of OSG procedures by days of operation, total capacity, preferred day of the week for the generator delivery).

Conclusion. The most significant factors in optimal OSG planning by days of the generator operation are the generator specifications, quantity and frequency of generator supply, provision of gamma-cameras.

The described technique for scheduling diagnostic procedures can be useful for the efficient use of the generator system which ensures the maximum amount of high-quality RFP from the generator eluate and contributes to the objectification of the cancer process in order to choose the treatment tactics.

Purpose of the study. Studying possible management of postoperative pain and normalization of adaptation status in patients with reproductive system onychopathology using xenon- oxygen therapy.

Patients and methods. The study included 97 patients receiving surgical treatment for reproductive cancer at National Medical Research Centre for Oncology in 2016–2020. All patients were divided into the main and control groups depending on the performed corrective therapy with xenon- oxygen mixture. Inclusion criteria were: established diagnosis — endometrial cancer, cervical cancer or ovarian cancer at the surgical stage of antitumor treatment, absence of decompensated concomitant pathology. In addition to general clinical tests, the intensity of symptoms in patients was assessed using a standardized Edmonton questionnaire, adaptation status and data of a numerical rating scale of pain were recorded, the severity of endogenous intoxication was measured using calculated lymphocytic, leukocyte, nuclear and leukocyte shift index. Stages of the study included functional assessment of the patient's condition before surgical treatment and on the 1st and 5th days of the postoperative period.

Results. An analysis showed statistically significant differences between the groups: in the group of patients receiving xenon- oxygen therapy, 12.9% of patients complained of pain, while in the control group — 34.2%, on mild exertion 17.1% and 39.9%, respectively (p<0.05). The therapy with xenon- oxygen mixture demonstrated its high significance in the adaptive status regulation and regression of negative clinical manifestations in patients after oncogynecological surgeries.

Conclusion. The effectiveness of the chosen therapy with xenon- oxygen mixture demonstrates the possibility of anesthesia and normalization of the adaptive status of oncogynecological patients who underwent surgical treatment for reproductive cancers.

Purpose of the study. Demonstrate the possibilities of statistical analysis of the digital archive at pathological department (PD). To conduct internal quality control of the coding of malignant tumors according to the ICD-O-3 system of pathology reports using the example of gastric cancer (GC).

Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the digital archive of 368,157 pathology reports of the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia from 2000 to 2019. For the study, 4,857 pathology reports of patients operated for gastric malignancies (ICD-X codes: C16.0 – C16.9) were selected for the period from 2000 to 2019.

Results. The analysis of 368,157 protocols of the digital archive of PD revealed 4,614 malignant epithelial tumors of the stomach: tubular adenocarcinoma – 2,958, signet ring cell carcinoma – 791, undifferentiated cancer – 565, mucinous adenocarcinoma – 210, neuroendocrine neoplasia – 90. A significant increase in the ICD-O codes for "adenocarcinoma NOS" was found in 2018 and 2019. The pathology reports for these 2 years were reviewed by an independent pathologist and changes were made to the ICD-O codes according to the WHO classification digestive system tumors 2019. The adenocarcinoma NOS (8140/3) was replaced by the codes: tubular adenocarcinoma (ICD-O: 8211/3) – 41%, papillary adenocarcinoma (8260/3) – 9% and adenocarcinoma with mixed subtypes (8255/3) – 29%.

Conclusion. The study, based on analysis of coding ICD-O stomach MN demonstrated the importance of digital archive at the PD, as a tool for rapid static analysis pathology reports and quality control of coding. The coding system can be the basis for large multicenter studies in oncology. Therefore, it is important to control the quality of coding of the pathology reports and to timely update the codes when new pathological classifications are released.

Lung cancer is among the most common malignant diseases in Russia. In 80–90%, its morphological type is nonsmall cell lung cancer. Stage IV primary advanced lung cancer is diagnosed in 41% of patients. Median overall survival in stage IV patients receiving chemotherapy is 7–12 months. Treatment for stage IV lung adenocarcinoma is based on predictive and prognostic factors. Chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy or immunotherapy is recommended in the absence of driver mutations in the EGFR (exons 19 and 21) and BRAF genes, ALK and ROS1 translocations.

Platinum- based regimens are preferred as the fi rst-line chemotherapy. Stabilization, partial or complete response after 4–6 chemotherapy cycles allow for maintenance therapy with pemetrexed to increase progression-free survival and overall survival.

Purpose of the study. Using a real clinical case, to confirm the efficacy of pemetrexed in the treatment for stage IV lung adenocarcinoma in the second-line therapy in combination with platinum- based agents and in a maintenance therapy.

A clinical case of a patient with central cancer of the lower lobe of the right lung St IV (cT3N2M1) is presented; the first treatment stage involved 3 cycles of the fi rst-line polychemotherapy (paclitaxel 175 mg/m² intravenously on day 1, carboplatin AUC 5 intravenously on day 1, every 3 weeks), and 6 cycles of the second-line polychemotherapy (pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1, cisplatin 75 mg/m² intravenously on day 1 of the 21-day cycle). Stabilization of the disease was achieves, and 20 cycles of maintenance therapy with pemetrexed followed; the achieved effect persisted and was confirmed by spiral X-ray computed tomography every 3 months. The objective effect of anticancer therapy was assessed according to the RECIST 1.1 criteria. It took 20 months from the beginning of the second-line anticancer medical therapy to progression, and 16 months from the start of maintenance pemetrexed to progression. The safety profile was satisfactory, and the ECOG performance status 0 maintained. Only one adverse effect, degree I general weakness, was noted, which did not have a negative impact on the patient's quality of life.

Benign and malignant tumors are the most common diseases of the rectum and tend to grow. Various techniques have been developed for the treatment of rectal tumors: endoscopic electroexcision through a colonoscope, transanal removal of tumors, and transabdominal removal. The use of all these methods made it possible to determine their advantages and indications, as well as limitations and disadvantages. Technical advances in modern oncology resulted in developing a method for transanal tumor removal with a number of advantages: radical surgery, adequacy, and functionality. This technique can be used in benign and malignant rectal tumors. One of its main advantages involves a small number of postoperative complications, while intra- operative complications such as penetration into the free abdominal cavity during transanal endoscopic resection of the rectum are quite rare. It is also important that the method of transanal endoscopic resection of the rectum also has good oncological and functional results (according to various studies). We present a clinical case of penetration into the free abdominal cavity during transanal endoscopic rectal resection for adenoma. This case is also interesting in that the patient also had another complication – postoperative bleeding from the rectum, which required surgical intervention, also with the use of a minimally invasive approach.

This clinical observation demonstrates successful suturing of penetrating openings into the abdominal cavity arising during transanal endoscopic removal of rectal tumors with the upper pole located above the pelvic peritoneum and effective minimally invasive tactics in the development of postoperative bleeding.

According to Russian statistics, breast cancer ranks fi rst among malignant neoplasms among women (20.9%). The largest proportion of breast cancer cases is detected in women aged 35 to 55 years. Therefore, an urgent issue is not only the provision of specialized medical care to patients, but also the prevention of the development of the disease. Almost 70% of malignant neoplasms, including breast cancer, are provoked by exogenous factors. This article provides an overview of the literature on primary breast cancer prevention. It is established that a woman's lifestyle, diet, physical activity, and bad habits can have a potentiating effect on the development of breast cancer. Conclusions. Currently, breast cancer prevention plays a key role in the fi ght against this disease. middle-aged women (who account for the main peak of morbidity) should understand that by changing behavior, it is possible to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. In addition, increasing women's awareness of breast cancer and its prevention can help reduce the incidence and fi nancial costs of treatment.

Accounting for children with cancer is characterized by low reliability of statistics. In addition, the available data do not have significant scientific value., Since they represent only an approximate number of patients identified annually and some general information (incidence, prevalence, etc.). Moreover, subsequent analysis of the accumulated information is of particular importance. An electronic database of children with cancer has been developed that meets these requirements and has been introduced into the clinical practice of pilot medical organizations.

Purpose of the study. Our aim was to study the opinions of pediatric oncologists on the issues of registration of children with oncological diseases.

Materials and methods. In order to assess the results of the implementation of the electronic database, a "Questionnaire for a survey of a pediatric oncologist to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of an electronic database" was developed, which contained 15 questions. For objectivity, the questionnaires were filled in anonymously by the respondents.

Results. The medico- social study involved 187 pediatric oncologists. The majority of respondents (71.3 ± 3.3%) noted that currently there is no register of children with cancer in the Russian Federation, 15.4 ± 2.6% noted the regional register, 9.1 ± 2.1% – independent in individual medical organizations, 1.7 ± 0.9% is a single register for the Russian Federation and 2.5 ± 1.1% are not aware of this. Among respondents, 81.9 ± 2.8% noted that the electronic database is an effective tool for recording children with cancer, while as an advantage, 15.1 ± 2.6% noted an increase in the reliability of statistical data, 9.2 ± 2.1% – reduction of time for searching patient information, 4.4 ± 1.5% – optimization of working time, 71.3 ± 3.3% – a combination of the above options.

Conclusion. A medical and social study showed the feasibility of introducing an electronic database of children with cancer into the clinical practice of pediatric oncologists.